Abstract: Objective To investigate the correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and immune thrombocytopenia. Methods A total of 112 patients with newly diagnosed as immune thrombocytopenia admitted to our hospital were enrolled in observation group. Another 112 healthy subjects were selected as control group during the same period. According to the results of treatment, the Helicobacter pylori-positive patients(n=42)in the observation group were further divided into radical treatment group and non-radical treatment group. Treatment effects and recurrence of radical treatment group and non-radical treatment group were statistically compared. And the conditions of Helicobacter pylori infection in control group and observation group were analyzed. Results The positive rate of Helicobacter pylori infection in the observation was significantly higher than that in the control group(37.50% vs. 21.43%, P<0.05). In terms of treatment effect, the radical treatment group was slightly higher than the non-radical treatment group, but the difference was not statistically significant(80.95% vs. 76.19%, P>0.05); the radical group was significantly lower in recurrence rate than the non-radical treatment group(14.29% vs. 38.10%, P<0.05). Conclusion There is a certain correlation between Helicobacter pylori infection and immune thrombocytopenia. However, in the newly diagnosed patients with immune thrombocytopenia, Helicobacter pylori infection is not the main pathogenic factor, so Helicobacter pylori radical treatment has little effect on early efficacy, but can reduce the recurrence of immune thrombocytopenia.