Abstract: Objective To analyze the risk factors of occurrence of adverse events in hematological malignancies(HMs)after chemotherapy. Methods The data of 200 HMs patients who underwent chemotherapy in the hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate analysis and Logistic regression analysis were performed on the factors affecting adverse events after chemotherapy, and its risk factors, respectively. Results The incidences of adverse events in HMs patients with body mass index(BMI)≥ 25kg/m², acute leukemia, high-intensity chemotherapy, arrhythmia history, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease and abnormal blood coagulation function were significantly higher than those with BMI<25 kg/m², non-acute leukemia, low/medium-intensity chemotherapy, arrhythmia-free history, normal blood pressure and coagulation function, and in those without cerebrovascular disease(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that BMI ≥25 kg/m², acute leukemia, high-intensity chemotherapy and coagulation function abnormalities were independent risk factors for occurrence of adverse events for HMs after chemotherapy(P<0.05). Conclusion The independent risk factors for occurrence of adverse events after chemotherapy in HMs patients mainly include obesity, acute leukemia, high-intensity chemotherapy and coagulation function abnormalities, the occurrence risk of adverse events can be assessed according to these factors in clinic.