Abstract: Objective To explore the clinical effect of early non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)complicated with respiratory failure. Methods A total of 90 patients with COPD and respiratory failure were divided into two groups according to treatment methods, with 45 cases in each group. The control group received routine symptomatic treatment, and the study group received early non-invasive positive pressure ventilation on the basis of the control group. The therapeutic effect, therapeutic outcome and the changes of inflammatory factors before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results The effective rate of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the rates of no change and deterioration were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05). The mortality and readmission rate in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of interleukin-6(IL-6)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)significantly reduced in both groups, and levels of these indexes in study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Early non-invasive positive pressure ventilation is effective in the treatment of COPD complicated with respiratory failure.