Objective  To investigate the consistency of Gram staining microscopy and final culture results of abscess smears from breast abscess patients in lactation period, and to analyze the drug susceptibility results of staphylococcus aureus.

  Methods  Totally 123 breast abscess specimens from breast-feeding patients were examined by Gram staining microscopy and conventional aerobic culture, and 89 staphylococcus aureus specimens were cultured for drug susceptibility test.

  Results  Totally 103 bacteria were detected in 123 pus specimens, the coincidence rate with culture results was 92.2%. Totally 20 bacteria were not detected in the smear, and the coincidence rate with culture results was 55.0%. Totally 89 strains of staphylococcus aureus were cultured, which accounted for 84.0% of the positive cases. There was no significant difference in the proportion of staphylococcus aureus in the positive cases and the resistance rate to commonly used antibiotics between years (P>0.05).

  Conclusion  Gram staining microscopic examination of breast abscess specimens from breast-feeding patients is highly consistent with culture results, and the drug resistance rate of isolated staphylococcus aureus to commonly used antibiotics is stable, which can provide evidence for clinicians to use empirical drugs, promoto the rational use of antibiotics and assist the rapid clinical diagnosis.