Objective  To analyze the effects of risk factors in perinatal period on birth defects of neonates.

  Methods  Totally 120 neonates with birth defects from December 2014 to December 2018 in Xunyang County Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital were selected as observation group, and 360 healthy newborns were selected as control group. The conditions of parents of newborns were investigated in both groups, including residence, age, economic status, occupation and educational level. Meanwhile, the history of unhealthy pregnancy and childbirth, unhealthy mood during pregnancy, multiple pregnancies, history of cold in early pregnancy, medication in early pregnancy, passive smoking in early pregnancy, pregnancy examination and marital examination were recorded. The influencing factors of birth defects were analyzed by single factor and multi-factor Logistic regression.

  Results  Compared with the control group, the educational level, residence, economic status and occupation of the puerperas in the observation group were significantly worse (P < 0.05). Univariate Logistic analysis showed that the factors affecting neonatal birth defects were history of adverse pregnancy and childbirth, adverse mood during pregnancy, multiple births, history of cold in early pregnancy, medication in early pregnancy, passive smoking in early pregnancy, pregnancy examination, pre-pregnancy examination and premarital examination. Logistic analysis showed that the protective factors of neonatal birth defects were pregnancy examination and premarital examination, and the independent risk factors of neonatal birth defects were history of adverse pregnancy and childbirth, adverse mood during pregnancy, history of cold in early pregnancy and medication in early transportation (P < 0.05).

  Conclusion  Risk factors of neonatal birth defects are various, including history of unhealthy pregnancy and childbirth, unhealthy mood during pregnancy, history of cold in early pregnancy and medication in early operation. Pregnant women should be advocated for pregnant examination inorder to timely master the condition of fetal development and complete the corresponding prevention work.