Objective  To explore the effects of different doses of recombinant human interferon alpha α-1b on central nervous system of severe hand, foot and mouth disease.

  Methods  A total of 264 children with severe hand, foot and mouth disease treated in our hospital were selected as research objects. According to the random number table method, the children were divided into three groups, the control group was treated with ribavirin, the low dose group was treated with 2 μg/kg recombinant human interferon α-1b on the basis of ribavirin, and high dose group was treated with 4 μg/kg recombinant human interferon α-1b. Serological parameters, blood routine results and improvement of clinical symptoms were observed and compared.

  Results  There was no significant difference in C Reactive Protein (CRP) among the three groups (P>0.05). The levels of nervous specific enolase and S-100 protein in the control group were significantly higher than those in the low-dose group and the high-dose group (P < 0.05), and were significantly higher in the low-dose group than those in the high-dose group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in platelet count among the three groups (P>0.05). The neutrophils count in the control group was significantly higher than that in the low-dose group and the high-dose group (P < 0.05). The subsidence time of fever and skin rash of the control group were significantly longer than those of the low-dose group and the high-dose group (P < 0.05), and were significantly higher in the low-dose group than those of the high-dose group (P < 0.05).

  Conclusion  Recombinant human interferon α-1b has significant effect in the treatment of severe hand, foot and mouth disease. It can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of children, and has a significant protective effect on the central nervous system for atomization inhalation of high-dose recombinant human interferon α-1b. Therefore, the dosage should be selected according to the tolerance of children.