Objective  To explore the role of risk factors identification of lower respiratory tract infection after tracheotomy and its impact on improving nursing quality.

  Methods  A total of 168 patients who underwent tracheotomy in our hospital were selected as study subjects, related factors of lower respiratory tract infection were investigated and bacterial flora examination after tracheotomy was performed.

  Results  Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors of lower respiratory tract infection after tracheotomy were past medical history, state of consciousness, operation history, antibiotic use time of 10 to 20 d and assisted ventilation time of tracheotomy >7 d. The incidence of bacterial infection after tracheotomy was the highest on the 9th day (86.31%), followed by the 14th day (78.57%), the 4th day (42.86%) and the 1st day (5.96%), which showed significant differences at different time points (P < 0.05). After tracheotomy, bacteria mainly distributed in the lower respiratory tract secretion, and less distributed in other parts such as mouth, hands of medical staff and humidifying bottle of ventilator. There were 30 kinds of bacteria in the lower respiratory secretions, and the incidence of the top 10 bacterial infections showed significant difference compared to other bacterial infection rates (P < 0.05).

  Conclusion  Scientific statistical methods and microbiological detection can effectively identify the risk factors of lower respiratory tract infection after tracheotomy, and appropriate measures can promote nursing quality.