Objective  To investigate the effect of neural stem cell transplantation at different therapeutic times on sequelae of craniocerebral injury.

  Methods  A total of 168 patients with sequelae of craniocerebral injury treated with neural stem cell transplantation in our hospital were divided into group A (54 cases), group B (56 cases) and group C (58 cases) according to different treatment time. The treatment time points were within 6 months of craniocerebral injury in group A, from 6 months to 1 year of craniocerebral injury in group B, and more than 1 year of craniocerebral injury in group C. All three groups were treated with neural stem cell transplantation. The clinical efficacy, Function Independent Measure(FIM) score before and after treatment and the occurrence of adverse reactions of the three groups were observed and compared.

  Results  The total clinical effective rate of group A was significantly higher than that of group B and group C (P < 0.05). Compared with the first transplantation before, FIM scores of three groups were significantly improved after the fourth transplantation for 3 months (P < 0.05). Three months later, the FIM score of group A was(98.12±8.92), which was significantly higher than (82.03±5.75) in the group B and (73.14±5.21) in group C(P < 0.05); the incidence of adverse reactions of group A was 7.40%, which was lower than 17.86% in group B and 25.86% in group C (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in overall clinical efficacy, FIM scores and the incidence of adverse reactions between group B and group C(P>0.05).

  Conclusion  Neural stem cell transplantation has achieved certain results in the treatment of sequelae of craniocerebral injury at different treatment time periods, but the best treatment time is within 6 months, which has remarkable clinical efficacy, effectively improves the functional independence of patients and greatly reduces the incidence of adverse reactions.