Abstract: Objective To explore the etiology and the risk factors of severity in patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) in Xinjiang area.Methods A total of 500 patients with AP were selected,and the age,gender,etiology,clinical pancreatitis types were analyzed.Patients were divided into different groups according to alcoholic,biliary,hyperlipidemia,diet,other causes,multiple factors,idiopathic pathogens,and the patients were also divided into different groups according to age such as 18 to 24,25 to 39,40 to 64 and over 65.The distribution of etiology in patients with different gender,age and severity were analyzed.Relationship between procalcitonin,C reactive protein and severity of acute pancreatitis were analyzed.Results There were 129 cases with biliary acute pancreatitis (25.8 ％),which were significantly higher than those of patients with other pathogens (P ＜ 0.05).The proportion of female patients with biliary disease was significantly higher than that of male patients (P ＜ 0.05),the proportion of female patients with alcoholic etiology was significantly lower than that of male patients (P ＜ 0.05),and the proportion of hyperlipidemia was high in the etiology of both male and female patients.The proportion of AP was the highest in the etiology in each age group (P ＜ 0.05).The proportion of biliary was the highest in the etiology of MAP (P ＜ 0.05),followed by idiopathic and other factors.Proportion of hyperlipidemia was the highest in the etiology of SAP (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of PCT and CRP in patients with SAP were significantly higher than those in patients with MAP (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of PCT and CRP were positively correlated with Ranson score,Balthazar CT score and APACHE score.Conclusion The occurrence of AP is related with multiple factors,in which biliary tract disease is the main risk factor of AP.