Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of pedicle screw fixation and posterior inter-body fusion in the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis.Methods 80 vertebral spondylolisthesis patients were randomly divided into study group and the control group,the study group was taken pedicle screw fixation and posterior interbody fusion and control group was taken pedicle screw fixa-tion and the rear side of the bone graft fusion group.Operation time,bleeding,and clinical efficacy, fusion rate and clinical efficacy were compared.Results Surgical operation time,bleeding in two groups were longer than that in the control group ,the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05).Interbody fusion rate in the study group were higher,the difference was statistically signifi-cant (P <0.05).Conclusion Pedicle screw fixation and posterior interbody fusion is safe and reli-able surgical approach.Although the time of surgery and trauma appeared,its clinical efficacy was higher than the bone graft and fusion fusion,so it is a better surgical treatment of lumbar spondy-lolisthesis.